Henry Louis Vivian Derozio

Henry Louis Vivian Derozio

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search

Henry Louis Vivian Derozio
Born	18 April 1809 Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Died	26 December 1831 (aged 22) South Park Street Cemetery, Mother Teresa Sarani, Kolkata, India
Occupation	teacher and poet
Nationality	Indian
Ethnicity	Anglo-Indian
Genres	academic, educator
Literary movement	Bengal Renaissance

Henry Louis Vivian Derozio (18 April 1809 – 26 December 1831) was an Indian poet and assistant headmaster of Hindu College, Kolkata, a radical thinker and one of the first Indian educators to disseminate Western learning and science among the young men of Bengal.

Long after Derozio’s death (of cholera), his influence lived on among his former students, who came to be known as Young Bengal and many of whom became prominent in social reform, law, and journalism.

Contents 1 Early life 2 Hindu College and Social backlash 3 Literary works 4 Influence 5 See also 6 References

Early life

Henry Louis Vivian Derozio was born on 10 April 1809 at Entally-Padmapukur in Kolkata. His father Francis Derozio was a well-respected man in Anglo-Indian community.^[1] He attended David Drummond's Dhurramtallah Academy school, where he was a pupil from the age of eight to fourteen.^[1]

He quit school at the age of 14 and initially joined his father’s concern at Kolkata and later shifted to Bhagalpur. Inspired by the scenic beauty of the banks of the River Ganges, he started writing poetry.

This was the time when Hindu society in Bengal was undergoing considerable turmoil. In 1828, Raja Ram Mohan Roy established the Brahmo Samaj, which kept Hindu ideals but denied idolatry. This resulted in a backlash within orthodox Hindu society. It is in the perspective of these changes that Derozio was appointed at Hindu college, where he helped released the ideas for social change already in the air.

Hindu College and Social backlash

In May 1826, at the age of 17, he was appointed teacher in English literature and history at the new Hindu College,

Derozio's intense zeal for teaching and his interactions with students created a sensation at Hindu College. His students came to be known as Derozians. He organised debates where ideas and social norms were freely debated. In 1828, he motivated them to form a literary and debating club called the Academic Association.

Literary works

Derozio was generally considered an Anglo-Indian, being of mixed Portuguese descent, but he was fired by a patriotic spirit for his native Bengal, and considered himself Indian. In his poem To India My Native Land he wrote:

“

My Country! In the days of Glory Past A beauteous halo circled round thy brow And worshiped as deity thou wast, Where is that Glory, where is that reverence now? Thy eagle pinion is chained down at last, And grovelling in the lowly dust art thou, Thy minstrel hath no wreath to weave for thee, save the sad story of thy misery

”

Derozio wrote many wonderful poems in English before his untimely death of which "The Fakir of Janghira" was one of the most important.^[2] His poems are regarded as an important landmark in the history of patriotic poetry in India.^[3]

Influence

His ideas had a profound influence on the social movement that came to be known as the Bengal Renaissance in early 19th century Bengal. And despite being viewed as something of an iconoclast by others like Alexander Duff and other (largely evangelical) Christian Missionaries; later in Duff's Assembly's Institution, Derozio's ideas on the acceptance of the rational spirit were accepted partly as long as they were not in conflict with basic tenets of Christianity, and as long as they critiqued orthodox Hinduism.

Derozio was an atheist ^[4] but his ideas are generally believed to be partly responsible for the conversion of upper caste Hindus like Krishna Mohan Banerjee and Lal Behari Dey to Christianity. Sameran Roy, however, states that only three Hindu pupils among his first group of students became Christians, and asserts that Derozio had no role to play in their change of faith.^[5] He points out that Derozio dismissal was sought by both Hindus such as Ramkamal Sen, as well as Christians such as H. H. Wilson.^[5] Many other students like Tarachand Chakraborti became leaders in the Brahmo Samaj.^[6]